Plane Disappears In Brazil ? Or Guyana ? 
Pic from Kaieteur News Sun. Aug 27. 2017. Thats last year. Wee bit late. Well, this might not be an occurrence that had a huge impact on the world, or that many people, relatively speaking, have heard of. Simply because it wasn't a large airliner with a lot of people on board. But it did pop up on the news. Probably CP24. And it did grab my attention. So I thought I would mention it. It should also be something of interest to those who are involved somehow with general aviation, and especially those who buzz around in that part of the world, in general aviation buzzers. The Guyanese Civil Aviation Authority said that it was a Cessna 206. Its investigating. It went down in a mountany south western region in Brazil. It disappeared in dense jungle about 40 miles from the gold mining town of Madhia. Which is about 120 miles southwest of the capital ? The plane lost communications about 25 minutes after taking off from a mining district. OK so that was the initial report. 
Pic from Mapsland 
Pic from Wikipedia OK so lets do some geography. Pull out a map. Map of Guyana. Zooming in on the map. Well, Madhia is like in the middle of Guyana and Georgetown is to the North East of Madhia. Region 8. Guyana is divided into regions. And looking at the scale and doing a finger estimate. 120 miles does seem like a very reasonable, quite close actually, pretty much smack on, estimate. So looks like were talking about Guyana, not Brazil, which borders Guyana to the south. But the plane might have strayed close to the Brazil border. (Going by initial report). Which, doing my finger estimate again. Is maybe 270 miles give or take from Madhia. Just to put things a bit of perspective. The Cessna 206, we'll go more into that later. Lets say has a cruise (not top) speed of 163 mph. Should be able to cover that distance in 2 hours. Despite taking time to take off and climb to cruise speed and altitude. And yes, it does have the range to cover that distance easily. It looks like this plane did in fact fly south. How do they know this if the wreckage wasn't found ? Must be through the flight plan and knowing the general mission of the plane. There is in fact an airport shown close to Madhia. Maybe 15 miles away by estimate. Judging from initial report Not sure if that's where it took off from. Judging by initial report. But other than that, if it took off from mining district, and Madhia is a gold mining town, then its quite possible that's the airport it took off from. Also Kaieteur Falls is close by too. Just a bit East of Madhia and not far from the airport too. Other than that, Guyanese people are known for getting drunk and acting rowdy at West Indian clubs and bars and causing trouble. I have a few friends of that are Guyanese, but most of them aren't like that. They are a scunt. 
Pic from Airplane-Pictures.net The Cessna 206 is a single engine Cessna. I guess its a development from the 150 and 180. Bigger, more power, but more or less same format and overall shape. Its rugged, has good cabin space, and has good power. Which is why they are popular bush planes and planes for hauling stuff around. Some of them have turbocharged engines, some naturally aspirated. Driving 3 blade prop usually if not always. Some have 285, 300 and 310 HP. Some are Lycoming some are Continental. There's all kinds of variations out there, quite literally A thru U. Apparently they are still in production. (Verify). Halted for some time but back in business. This is a plane that first started in 1962. Well, I would think the newer ones are a bit more updated. Engines, systems, avionics, aerodynamics, what not. Something on the order of 1000 - 1700 lbs useful load. And over 800 st. miles range. Seats 6. Has all kinds of mission and conversions adaptations. 
Pic from Kaieteur News So apparently they did find the wreckage that same day (verify) in the afternoon. And these are reports following the initial report. If I have the same facts and correspondence here. I think I do. The Pilot was Imran Khan. He was 41 and looks like he was Muslim. He was flying by himself. He was with the company for 7 years (verify) so not a rookie. The company being Air Services Ltd. The flight was from Chi Chi to Madhia. Wasn't able to find where Chi Chi was. Wasn't able to see it on any map of Guyana. It mite not even be in Guyana for that matter. But Chi Chi Falls is in region 7 I think, and I suspect thats where Chi Chi is. So thats not too far of a flight, if thats the case. He was on a supplies/logistics flight or personnel transport flight or something like that. It was apparently a regular basis flight, like almost every day. For mining operation. Verify. So he was supposed to land at like roughly 10 min to 9 am. Local time I guess. Don't know why they are up so early I'm still sleeping at that time. The plane didn't show up to destination (obviously). The ELT either went off or was detected by about 10 min after 9 AM. The wreckage was spotted by a Britten-Norman Islander and the Guyana Defence Forces. Actually a number of planes, like 5, were dispatched. The pilot was killed. R.I.P. And hopefully your loss leads to safer aviation in Guyana. More on that. 
Pic from Kaieteur News. This apparently was the plane that was involved in crash. Verify. Following this incident the Guyana government and Guyana Civil Aviation Authority has decided to step up safety requirements. i.e. technical inspections, pilot background checks, stuff like that. Also in the wake of other crashes, recent and not long ago. Get to that inna minute. 
Pic from Kathryn's Report Although I wasn't able to find anything on what caused this crash. We can speculate possible causes. Engine failure due to mechanical malfunction, loss of control leading to stall or spin, fuel exhaustion or starvation, those would be high on the list. Fuel starvation would be due to a fuel system malfunction. If the plane was due to land soon, it would have been at lower altitude. An engine failure or fuel problem at low altitude, surrounded by trees all around, is not a good scenario. Not much options there for a good forced landing. And Cessnas don't have good glide ratios either. Verify. Loss of control, well, your going down even harder, perhaps. It doesn't look like weather was a factor in this accident, no mention of that anywhere. 
Pic from LeadDog Consulting 
Pic from Wikipedia Buzzing over Guyana. As you can see from the above 2 maps. One a satellite photo and the other a vegetation map. You are flying over quite a bit of jungle / rainforest / dense tropical forest. Also there are mountainy regions too in Guyana. And that has its challenges in avoidance and trying to set down on that terrain as well. And I mentioned this in my blurb about LaMia 2933 not long ago, about flying in South America. There's not always a good nice spot to set down on. Even with good glide capability, in the event of an engine failure, you can only glide so far. Chances are you will end up going into trees. Which is not favorable to crash impact survival. And even if you do survive, without too much injury. U mite run into this: 
Amazon Explore .blogspot.ca Not something I'm in a hurry to get friendly with. If I have to be flying the friendly skies over Guyana, a few things need to be in order. I want a plane and engines that are very well maintained. And aircraft thats not too aged or showing signs of fatigue. A proficient pilot thats familiar with the area. I would want a GPS, and other navigation equipment that's in good shape. i.e. Radios, ADF which might be outdated but still useful, VOR, DMEs, etc. etc. I would want an ELT with the new 406 MHz or whatever and SATCOM or whatever they use nowadays. So I'm more likely to be found. I would want a twin engine turboprop. As opposed to a piston single. A twin turboprop such as a KingAir. Turbine engines are generally more reliable than piston engines (less complex operation, less moving parts, vibration and back and forth motion, no magnetos/spark plugs for running (not starting) engine, no mixture, injectors, carburetors, cooling issues, etc. etc. etc.). And P&WC PT6A turboprops are known to be reliable, although some people might have their opinions. A King Air with a Blackhawk upgrade even better. Newer PT6 engines with more power. A bit of extra power is good in case you lose one engine. Might make it easier to get thru. And also in adverse weather and other sticky situations. In not so hospitable terrain like that, you want to be prepared. Reliable engines and more than one. And some extra power too. Although flying with an engine out requires some skill too, and you want to be trained in that. I'm not saying this accident was caused by engine failure but I suspect it was. All that being said, a King Air, perhaps more than one, has gone down in the forests of Guyana before, perhaps recently. And a Britten-Norman Islander, which has twin piston engines, perhaps more than one of these aircraft types, has also gone down in Guyana, perhaps recently. And aircraft flown by experienced pilots familiar with the area have also gone down in Guyana. More on that. 
Pic from Kingair Nation In what I call researching this matter. I found a whole bunch of other incidents that popped up. Regarding missing and mysterious and controversial general aviation category aircraft, or lighter commuter aircraft in Guyana. That crashed or went missing. Lets briefly mention a few. It turns out Aug 8, that same month. Another Cessna 206 type. Taking off from an airport, or airstrip, or aerodrome in Region 7. Crashed shortly after takeoff. It was said to be likely due to an over loaded and improperly loaded plane. Climbed too steep, load shifted aft, stalled. Similar to National Airlines 102 I guess, but not nearly as big an aircraft. Same concept though. The pilot survived. On July 25, a month before the crash of Mr. Khan's plane. A Roraima Airways Britten-Norman Islander crashed on landing, killing the pilot, at the same airport/aerodrome/airstrip that the Aug. 8 incident plane took off from. Some sort of loss of control situation. That same aircraft was previously in a crash in 2016 and sustained damage. Repaired back to service again I presume. Some sort of mechanical problems, aborted takeoff, then crash. Again from the same airport/airstip/aerodrome. These 2 recent crashes before Mr. Khan were also supplies shipping flights. In April 2013 an American Piper Aztec with American pilot and Canadian surveyor crashed into a house in a village. It had taken off shortly from Ogle airport and reported to ATC that it lost an engine and had other difficulties. They tried to make an emergency or forced landing somewhere but it didn't work out. Was doing some survey flight for government. In Jan. 2014 an Trans Guyana Airways Cessna 208B going from Olive Creek to Imbaimadai crashed in a forest in the Mazaruni area. Killing both on board. The pilot was Canadian. And the other was a cargo loader. In December 2014 an Air Services Ltd. BN-2A-6 Islander went missing. 2 people on board. The plane and crew of 2 were never found. Despite it being a supposedly 25 minute flight from Madhia to Karisparu. After 21 days the search was called off and crew presumed dead. Last contact was a handoff from ATC like 2 min. after takeoff. The pilot was very experienced and familiar with the area. How strange. In November 08, a Beech King took off from Cheddi Jagan Airport in Timehri not far from Georgetown. That's Guyana's 'big' airport. In was doing some surveying mission. For a Canadian company near Chi Chi for some mining operation. I'm Canadian by the way. And some of the crew on board some of these mentioned accidents are too. Anyways. The last contact was about 45 min. after takeoff (verify). And it just didn't make it back. The pilot and another dude was U.S. and a survey technician dude was Canadian. Make a long story short, the search went into Aug. 09. Even after the government called it off, other parties continued until they gave up. Around Mazaruni area. So that Mazaruni area / jungle likes to eat people and planes. What else. Henry Fitt in 1981. Cessna 206 with 6 on board including pilot. Verify. Sightseeing or survey flight. Vanished. Never found. After extensive search. The pilot was experienced and familiar with area. Might have went down outside Guyana but departed from inside. Jan 2001. A BN-2 Islander departed from either Kato or Timehri headed for Madhia. Verify. It might have been a military flight. And it crashed into Ebini Mountain which is not far from Madhia. Not sure what went wrong there. Looks like 3 on board were killed and there were 5 on board including pilots. It was a transport shipping materials flight. There might be a whole bunch of other incidents, but we don't got all day. Thats what popped up in a nutshell. And of course there's Caribbean Airlines 523, but thats a different matter. Other than Caribbean Airlines, the other incidents mentioned. I'm not sure if they had an ELT with 406 MHz. Aircraft went missing despite ELT. 
Pic from News Source Guyana So does all this mean necessarily that Guyana aviation is flat out not safe ? Well, the terrain is not ideal, that's for sure. But all these general aviation accidents. You have to remember general aviation in general (get it) has a safety record that is not too great. Even in the U.S. Although the big commercial aircraft tend to do much better in that department. Loss of control and inability for upset recovery (for lack of better words, but these are somewhat official terms), fuel exhaustion and improper planning/management, mechanical malfunctions, weather/visibility/icing related problems, bad decision making / judgement, mishaps such as the technician forgetting a wrench inside the plane and a control cable jamming, engine failures, pilots not knowing how to properly fly with engine out, or the airplane not really well designed for engine out, midair collisions, carburetor icing, etc. etc. etc. all contribute to the fairly high accident rate in general aviation. Also lack of experience, complacency and over-confidence / cocky attitude, risk taking behaviors, overly complicated avionics systems nowadays in general aviation aircraft that pilots aren't fully trained in and that perhaps have hidden dangers and flaws, all these things contribute to accidents in general. Even in the U.S. general aviation is not too much better than cars on the highway in terms of accident rates and fatality rates. Well, there might be room for arguments and opinions here. And the accident rate is comparable to cars on the highway despite the fact that aviation, and general aviation is more strictly regulated. In terms of pilot training, safety measures, legal regulations, maintenance and inspection regulations and more frequent maintenance and inspection and replacement of parts at specific time or cycle intervals, certification requirements for aircraft and pilot licensing, etc. etc. etc. Why do so many accidents still happen with GA, U.S. and rest of the world ? Not really sure. Another thing about the terrain in Guyana is that perhaps there are areas that are devoid of landmarks and distinctions. So if the navigation is amiss, something didn't quite go to plan, that puts you at a disadvantage. Even one of the big guys got it wrong, not quite Guyana but not that far. Varig 254. Navigation and pilot error, Brazil, nuttin but trees around, ran out of fuel, thats it. Well it was going into nite/darkness but theres still visable landmarks at nite that you can see in an urban setting and not over a forest. Being a tropical region there could be all sorts of funny weather stuff that pops up sometimes. And being a somewhat developing country, that kind of does tend to put a disadvantage into the mix. The hot climate perhaps also tends to cause engines not to work at their best, and increases density altitude or something like that, which tends to affect takeoff and climb performance and what not. Which can be detrimental if, for example a heavily loaded plane and the pilot didn't plan it out properly. It does cost money to maintain an aircraft properly, and hard times do tend to cause corner cutting. Although this does happen in developed countries too, don't get me wrong. And not to discriminate against developing countries but it is what it is. Stats generally do show that there is more risk flying in those parts of the world. Also some facilities that help make flying easier might not always be available. Like ILS at some airports, lighting at nite, VOR facilities, radar tracking facilities, stuff like that. Is Guyana known for being unsafe to fly in ? Not particularly. But I'd be a bit queasy about flying over/in that part of the world. The dense forest areas not only reduce your chances of survival in a crash, but also your chances of being found and rescued. Other than that there's also lots of Obeah in that country and that might be a factor too. But we might not be able to trace that. 
Pic from INews Guyana Sources Yahoo News - Small Plane Missing Guyana Jungle Wikipedia - Guyana, Regions Of Guyana, Cessna 206, missing aircraft 1worldmap.com - Chi Chi Falls Jamaica Observer - Missing Guyana Plane Found Kaietuer News - Pilot Dies Kaietuer INews Guyana - Pilot Dies Mahdia INews Guyana - Pilot Killed Laid Rest Carribean 360 - Pilot Dies Guyana Demerara Waves - Pilot Missing Search Guyanese Association Of Barbados Inc. - Plane's Engines Removed Crash Site News Source Guyana - Two Killed Guyana Crash Guyana Graphic - Aircraft Crashes Mazaruni Jacdec and ASN - Dec 28 ASL BN-2A-6 Kaietuer News - Missing Aircraft Possible Site and Guyana Jungle Treacherous Aviators The Star - Canadian On Plane Missing Guyana Alberta Plane Crash Got The Premier 
rightedition.com Again a wee bit late. These posts take some time to crank out. But hey, gives time for investigation. Which looks to be still underway. By TSB. As of April 2017, but looks like its still on now. As no official investigation report I have found. 
huffingtonpost.ca Mr. Jim Prentice was premier of Alberta from 14 to 15. I guess their election term works a bit different, or he resigned or something like that. He was actually involved in a lot of Canadian and perhaps U.S. politics. And a lot of other stuff too. Get to that later. Along with him there were 3 others on the plane. All perished. Apparently the names of those victims were not released at the time shortly following the crash. But released a bit later. A good friend of Mr. Jim, optometrist / eye man, and father of in law of his daughter, or father of son in law or something like that was a passenger killed. Verify. Another passenger was a retired businessman involved in some sort of investing in North America capital markets. And the pilot was a retired RCMP officer. R.I.P. 
vancouversun.com They were all going on some golfing trip. And on their way home on a private jet. Well, of course they have money and are living the life. (No disrespect to them). The plane was a Cessna Citation 500 built in 1974 or a 1974 model. Which is a bit of an older aircraft but still used today, like many older aircraft. Owned by Norjet. It was going from Kelowna Int'l airport in Kelowna B.C. to Springbank Airport in/near Calgary Alberta. RCMP investigators located the crash site "approximately 4 km into a heavily wooded area, north of Beaver Lake Road, east of Lake Country." Global News. Residents nearby said they heard a plane flying low and a load bang. Not really sure who lives there in the middle of nowhere but o well thats their business. Well actually not that far from airport. The plane crashed about 8 minutes after takeoff. Assuming an average speed of 180 mph give or take in climb plus the angle of climb vs. distance over ground. The plane might have crashed 40 km from airport. Assuming straight line flight path over ground. The plane did crash north of the airport, even though the overall flight path was to go east. Hope that made sense. Well, looks like the wreckage was found 18 km north of Kelowna, so maybe not a straight path. Whatever, that's not important, for now at least. Also close to Winfield, where ever that is. Middle of nowhere I guess. There were different accounts of rain, from light to heavy. But not a storm / thundercloud or anything particularly severe. So Surrey ATC alerted RCMP at 10:07 pm local time I would imagine, that contact was lost with aircraft. Not sure how that works. Does the ATC notify police right after they don't hear anything. O well. Apparently FlightAware showed the plane at 4800 ft and descending at 2200 ft / min before crash. Hmmmmm.... There were no emergency or distress calls from the pilot. And it looks like a steep descent rate with a plane that should have been climbing. The wreckage seemed to show that not a lot of trees were taken down. But it was in the middle of a wooded area. So that seems to indicate the crash was somewhat straight down, rather than taking down a line of trees along a fairly shallow path down. And 2200 ft / min is a fairly high rate of decent. And that might not have even been its peak rate of descent before impact. So looks like a fairly vertical impact. Apparently the terrain that it collided with was 3300 ft above sea level. Which I guess was relatively high. Like a hill, maybe not a mountain. High ground. Which is not surprising in that part of the world. B.C. and Alberta. 
globalnews.ca The Cessna Citation 500 is a twin turbofan bizjet (business jet in case u didn't get that). Which is what pretty much most bizjets of different shapes and sizes are today. Except for some of the Dassault Falcon models which have 3. And Lockheed Jetstar and McDonnell 119 having 4, but you don't see too much of them now. Anyways. The Citation 500 might have actually been the first turbofan bizjet. As opposed to turbojets. Which probably won't get you too far. The Cessna Citation 500 was renamed Citation I or something like that. It started in like the early 70s. Citations are the Cessna family of bizjets. Which gets kinda confusing actually. Just like a family gets confusing. You got ur cousins and brother in laws and brother in law's brother and second cousins and what not. So the Citation family includes the Sovereign 500 and 650 XLS and some whole bunch a crap. And the Citation X which is the really fast one, actually one of the fastest subsonic civil aircraft. And the newer Latitude and Longitude and Mustang. But anyways. The 500 or Citation I or whatever the hell its supposed to be. Its got a cruciform tail I guess. As opposed to T-tail. Some of the faster and bigger and more high end biz jets tend to have T-tail. Dassault, which is a higher end bizjet, seems to stick with the cruciform or mid tail. Mid mounted horizontal stab instead of all the way at the top. Anyways. Off topic a bit but good to shop around. So the Citation 500 or I has Pratt And Whitney JT15D-1B turbofans. Rated about 2200 lbs thrust. But different variants might vary. There are variants that can be flown by a single pilot instead of 2. The flight in this incident had 1 pilot so I presume it was a single pilot capable version. Apparently the Citation 500 was called a 'Slowtation' because its top or cruise speed was fairly low for a jet. Like 357 knots cruise. Which is kind of interesting because the aircraft does have a rather favorable thrust weight ratio. But I guess top speed and cruise speed depends on a whole bunch of factors. And it was an earlier turbofan bizjet, so that was good for its time I guess. Practical for what it was. Then they built the Citation X to show that Cessna jets can move. Something like that. Anyways. The Citation 500 has fairly straight unswept gently tapered wings. I guess it doesn't need swept wings because it doesn't get too high in the subsonic/transonic mach numbers. The Citation 500 seats 5 passengers and one or 2 pilots. Even in the I/SP which is the single pilot, I think you can still stick a co-pilot in there. So this plane involved in the incident probably wasn't overloaded. Gets up pretty high 41 K +. And descent range too, over 1500 'normal' (statute) miles. 
thestar.com Despite being a bit dated now. The Citation 500 or I looks like, from what I gather, seems to have a good overall safety record. Considering how much its been flown. But it did have its share of mishaps. But hey, I can't think at the moment of any production aircraft, thats been around for some time, and been flown often, that hasn't had an accident or mishap. And this plane has been around for almost 50 years. And it is general aviation, which doesn't have a super safety record. Lets briefly mention a few accidents. March 08. Takeoff from Biggin Hill UK heading to Pau France. Had some sort of engine problem with both engines. Both engines seemed to lose power. Tried to restart engines, didn't work. Pilot reported loss of power to ATC or otherwise. Shortly after the plane struck a house. Large fire, damaged/destroyed house and house beside. All 5 occupants in plane killed. Investigators never fully solved the cause of crash. Engine loss of power likely mechanical malfunction. Oct 2013. This plane was operated by a pastor and had a separate pilot. The plane took off from Mid Continent Airport in Wichita Kansas heading to New Braunfels Texas. The weather conditions at higher altitude, i.e. above 6500 or 7 K ft were 'bad'. Icing conditions and mixed participation including snow and ice and supercooled droplets. Stuff I can do without. OK so it was flying through crap. The plane was wandering and changing direction and altitude as it was being cleared and handed off and directed by control center. Then it plunged, parts of the plane broke up in its descent, and crashed into a field. Parts were found a good way from wreckage, consistent with mid air break up. Investigators later found the plane was horribly maintained, to make a long story short. There were instruments and equipment not working. The plane was flown single pilot. And the minimum requirements for instrumentation and equipment for single pilot were not met. So the exact cause was not determined I guess. But pilot workload was probably quite high. Icing and weather conditions, clearances to different altitudes and heading, instruments and equipment not working, autopilot and trim not working, and flying single pilot. Maybe more. So basically it seems like they were flying for a long time and taking chances with a totally improperly maintained plane and not following regulations. And were doing fine and then it finally caught up with them. When they decided to fly into bad weather. But all that is another story for another day. What other accidents can we dig up ? The one at Santa Monica in 013 wasn't a 500 type. Thurman Lee Munsen a NY Yankees player was killed in an I-SP version in 1979 practicing touch and gos. Allowed sink rate too high, clipped tree. I'm sure there's more but that's all I was able to dig up. 
www.baaa-acro.com Crash in Helsinki Cessna 500 OK so the theory behind why this plane crashed seems to be pilot incapacitation. Also keep in mind that the pilot was older, in his 60s. Is that a big factor ? Well, I guess it depends more on the state of his health than his age. 60 might be up there but its not that bad. No offence to the seniors out there, but it is what it is. The pilot was flying single pilot. Which does tend to increase work load. Although stats don't seem to show that single pilot safety is really any worse. According (somewhat, if that makes sense) to that article from Flying mag. And the pilot was flying at nite. Which, I would imagine, also increases work load. The weather being lite rain or cloud cover, although maybe not severe weather, doesn't really make matters easier to deal with either. So nite combined with cloud and rain would, I imagine reduce the amount of visual reference available and make more of a work load. OK so age, nite, weather, single pilot, kinda throws the odds away from favorable, if that makes sense. But those conditions aren't that severe at the same time. Although when flying, a small problem can quickly turn into a big problem if you're not proficient, and even if you are proficient. And some things might be beyond your control. Apparently radar data, or other wise collected data, seems to show an erratic flight path with some serious and bizzare fluctuations in rate of climb/decent. Which would suggest pilot incapacitation. Some sort of medical problem perhaps. Or spatial disorientation and lack of situation awareness. Although theres lots of other possibilities, like instrument malfunction, which can cause spatial disorientation. Autopilot malfunction, trim malfunction, stuff like that could cause loss of control. Not sure if the autopilot would have been engaged that shortly after takeoff on that type of aircraft. 
cbc.ca The fact that there was no flight data recorder on board is apparently a serious road block. Apparently biz jets of certain category aren't required to have them. Just the bigger commercial airliners. This case actually looks like it has the potential to be a game changer for that reason. It is now being recommended that bizjets carry some sorsort of black box. FDR and CVR. Apparently nowadays theres smaller lighter data and voice recorders available for smaller aircraft. Verify. Of course anything you stick on an aircraft adds weight and complexity and cost and what not. And although it won't save your life, it will help them piece together what happened after you're gone to prevent someone after you from having the same fate. 
justhelicopters/rotorcraftpro compact lightweight FDR from Curtiss Wright OK so looks like an official TSB report was issued in April 2018. So it looks like they were not able to reach a definite conclusion. They said it was likely a case of pilot spatial disorientation and loss of control. They said that there was not enough information to really go on. Again, the lack of a black box was sighted as a major roadblock. And this can actually turn into a landmark case which results in bizjets and smaller aircraft to be required to have compact lightweight data recorders on board. Its being recommended. Not surprisingly, its not the first time this has been recommended, but was never passed as legal requirement. Well, it does increase weight and complexity and maintenance and what not by a bit. So as it was climbing thru 8600 ft the aircraft went into a steep descending right turn. No distress call was made. Which is not surprising, your going to try to fix the airplane's flight situation before you think about declaring an emergency. Aviate, navigate, communicate. In other words flying the damn plane is the number 1. So what is spatial disorientation ? In my understanding, not understanding/knowing the situation of the aircraft with regards to how the plane is positioned in space. Not understanding/knowing the plane's attitude, heading, altitude, angle of bank, which way the aircraft is turning, whether the aircraft is climbing or descending, stuff like that. Examples where its been proven or suspected that spatial disorientation was a factor are Flash Airlines 604, Korean Cargo 8509, perhaps Air France 447, perhaps Aeroflot 593, Birgenair 301, Aero Peru 603. Spatial disorientation can be caused by instrument/avionics errors. Can also be caused by just the pilot having ADD, being distracted, or having a bad day. Or having too high of a work load. Or some small unexpected thing that threw something off. Or just getting used to sensations of accelerations, turns, climbs, maneuvers, etc. that cause you to doubt the indications on the instruments. The definition of spatial disorientation can perhaps also be extended to include navigation errors and not understanding the aircraft's position over the Earth. Such as Adam Air 574 and Varig 254. Anyways. The report also said that the pilot was actually in violation of regulations by flying with passengers at night and not having a recent enough night flight in that aircraft type. There's all kinds of regulations and its easy to violate. And violations in regulations often come to light when an accident happens. The pilot had 2 night takeoffs in the past 6 months. 
slideplayer.com So one last point here. Sometimes you gotta dig a bit deeper than what you are being told. Conspiracy time. Jim Prentice was actually a 'big guy'. Most people might not have heard of him, unless you live in Alberta. However, hes a big guy behind the scenes. He was part of the Trilateral Commission. I didn't know that either. Not only that he was a chairman too in that camp. Hes got linx to all that new world order Rockefeller Ayle stuff. Minister of Indian AFfairs. (Natives I guess). Minister of industry. Minister of environment. Lawyer. He supported some same sex marriage bill apparently surprising many people. Director of BCE Inc. (Bell Canada), CP Rail and Coril Holdings. As well as being a member of the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council and the international advisory committee of LaFarge Group. 
www.vice.com Sources NBC News - Jim Prentice 3 Other Plane Crash Global News - Former Alberta Premier BC Crash CBC News - Jim Prentice Incapacitated Pilot CBC News - Former Alberta Premier Among 4 Killed National Post - Former Alberta Premier Among 4 Dead Alberta Herald - Former Premier Jim Kelowna Area Crash Disciples Of Flight - Cessna Citation Wikipedia - Cessna Citation and other aircraft mentioned Skybrary - C500 Biggin Hillwa Transport Canada CADORES - 2016P1852 Huffington Post - Pilot Likely Disoriented Jim Prentice Global News - No Definitive Cause Jim Prentice Rabble.ca - Rockefeller, Jim Prentice, Ayle Ranker - Top 20 Canadian Illuminati http://waterwarcrimes.blogspot.com The Narwhal - Convienient Conspiracy Vivian Krause Red Flag Deals - Prentice Killed forum Reddit Conspiracy - Jim Prentice Extra Capsa - Alberta Premier Campbell Clinton
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